Spencer Kagan is a famous author who is well recognized for his research on establishing harmonious classrooms, promoting responsible behavior, improving students' social skills, character qualities, and academic achievement through cooperative learning structures.
Your objective in this entry is to read chapter two on our text, watch the video below, and then write your insights on the following key concepts:
(in your own words, not literally from the book)
- Two or three differences between an activity and a structure.
- Two or three differences between a competitive and a cooperative structure.
- Explain the steps of the structures"think-pair share," "Numbered Heads Together" and the benefits for both the teacher and the students.
Remember that opinions can not be exactly the same.
The Structural Approach to Cooperative Learning,
ResponderBorrarThe activities :One of the really most important activties are.The teacher assigns students in groups with specific roles and jobs. After team members are organized into these small groups, usually of four students, then they receive instruction from their teacher,so that the teacher poses the problem.the groups cooperate with one another and work together to show their answer.
The structure: in this excercise the teacher divided into pair of estudents and poses the question.each pairs,students A talks about his or her answer for one minute, then Student B does the same.This method of instruction in which students works together structured interaction and learning academic task.
2.competitive
3.individualistics
Most students learn thing in verbal them,however the teacher teaching not to writing.
Competitive structure:competitive learning one of studends can obtain the goal.
1.cooperative
2.competitive
3.individualistics
Most students learn thing in verbal them,however the teacher
teaching not to writing.
Cooperative structure:1.cooperative structure: I think the most important about cooperative learning is the perfect teaching methodology to teach students strategies and skills.also this model show students.so the groups iqual participation in class,these are the goal obtain.
activity : for me is how develop a topic or exercise fallow some steps or rules I think the activity sometimes has to be funny but that activity has to let the student a good learning.
ResponderBorrarstructure : can be how the activity is going to develop in pair or individual.
competitive: here i concider that the student develop an individual job, in order to show which studen know more about the topic or who gives the correct answer first. with out give the opportunity to other student.
cooperative: as the word says is to learn at cooperate is learn to work together is help others to learn more easy if this student has problem to learn.
time pair share: everyone have the chace to share also they develop social skill, comunication skill and eork as a team.
head together: is to lear to solve problem together and they take to account the opinions of the other menbers of the group and in this way create a cooperative and active learning.
benefits the tacher has engage and desengage every student. moreover teacher learn from the student and student from the teacher and as a resolt both obtain a satisfactiry work.
neyda emerita escobar
ResponderBorraractivity
in my opinion I think that activity is the way how we can develop any topic using different methodology in learning process and how this topic could be interesting for children or how children can be involved in the class sharing different ideas about topics that they are learning. also activities help students to learn easier each topic that they can not understand.
structure
is the system about what students need to learn in orden to develop some topics in the class according to the content in cooperative learning in orden to the needs of the students fallowing different ways of creation and organization in the class.
competitive structure
is when the teacher is able to develop many skills in the children the teachers give to the students many opportunities to answer many questions also students can respond in groups.
cooperative structure
is characterized by students working together to accomplish and share gols that can be beneficial for the students. but student have to listen to the teacher because the teacher ask questions to the students and they are able to answer the different questions students can work in pairs .
when the teacher use the structural approach to cooperative learning students have many benefits moreover students are able to think better using their own answers according to different kind of questions, also students can share their ideas with their classmates.moreover the benefits of the teacher is that student can concentrate better in different activities and the teacher can ask to the students some questions but the teacher can observe the behavior of the students in the classroom also the teacher can listen the students.
The Structural Approach to Cooperative Learning is like a new proposal to teach in a funny and dynamic way.
ResponderBorrarActivities: Is teach a theme by the using of activities that make the process of learning most interesting and productive to the students but as a teachers we have to bear in mind our goal to achieve with those activities that follow a series of steps for a better result.
Structure: It is a structuration that the students need to follow in order to learn, but that all should be engaged. It has different variations but it is something acceptable because each one of the variations has a useful end.
Competitive Structure: Is when the teacher try to take to advantage the time, space, materials and all that he can use to teach and encourage to the learners to discover something new, create, develop critical thinking and others skills that the learner has to exploit, but always exist a student that pretend know all and only he/she what participate, he or she does not give them the opportunity to participate in the rest.
Cooperative Structure: All the students can achieved the goal, working as a group, where the teacher can discover a leader among the group of students by the activities in the classroom, always exist a student who enjoy helping and teaching to their classmate. In my opinion work in group is something really useful. It is also the case that among a group of classmate explain each other using a peculiar language that makes understandable the explanation that the teacher gave in a more technical language.
By: Keidy Majano.
The think, pair, share strategy is a cooperative learning technique that encourages individual participation and is applicable across all grade levels and class sizes. Students think through questions using three distinct steps:
ResponderBorrar1. Think: Students think independently about the question that has been posed, forming ideas of their own.
2. Pair: Students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. This step allows students to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others.
3. Share: Student pairs share their ideas with a larger group, such as the whole class. Often, students are more comfortable presenting ideas to a group with the support of a partner. In addition, students' ideas have become more refined through this three-step process.
Numbered Heads Together is a cooperative learning strategy that holds each student accountable for learning the material. Students are placed in groups and each person is given a number (from one to the maximum number in each group). The teacher poses a question and students "put their heads together" to figure out the answer. The teacher calls a specific number to respond as spokesperson for the group. By having students work together in a group, this strategy ensures that each member knows the answer to problems or questions asked by the teacher. Because no one knows which number will be called, all team members must be prepared.
Activity:
A distinct, scheduled portion of work performed during the course of a project, the Activities performed by the project team, An Activity, in itself, does not produce any result but a series of Activities results into a lowest level deliverable.
Kagan's structures are GREAT because they are versatile and can beadapted for any grade level, any content area and any situation. The structure is a frame through which the lesson content is delivered. The students learn by working cooperatively in groups and by sharing their work with one another.
Cooperative Learning is a teaching arrangement that refers to small, heterogeneous groups of students working together to achieve a common goal. Students work together to learn and are responsible for their teammates' learning as well as their own. The basic elements are:
1. Positive Interdependence - occurs when gains of individuals or teams are positively correlated.
2. Individual Accountability - occurs when all students in a group are held accountable for doing a share of the work and for mastery of the material to be learned.
3. Equal Participation - occurs when each member of the group is afforded equal shares of responsibility and input.
4.Simultaneous Interaction - occurs when class time is designed to allow many student interactions during the period.
ResponderBorrarDifferences between a Structure and an Activity:
• Activities are used to develop a specific content, in contrast structures can be adjust to any content
• Structures can be adjust to a wide range of grade level differently to activities which are design to specific level and grade.
Differences between a Competitive and a Cooperative structure:
• Cooperative structure promotes social interaction, while competitive structure just engages students to have the same or better level of knowledge of their classmates.
• Cooperative structure develops in students solving problems and negotiation, in contrast competitive structure creates negative interdependence among the students, because they do not socialize and discuss their thinking.
“Think-pair share”, “Numbered Heads together”
Steps:
• Students listen while the teacher poses a question: Students must pay attention to understand the question
• Students are given time in which to think of a response : Students have all the same time in order to think on the answer
• Students are sometimes cued to pain with a neighbor and discuss their responses: All the students have the opportunity to share their answer with a student and discuss it before being exposed to the group
• Student are invited to share their responses with the whole group. Once a students is invited to share the answer with the group, everyone in the classroom already knows the answer because they first shared the answer with a classmate.
Benefits to the Students:
• Students have the opportunity to think their answers and have the security that any classmate is going to answer first, which usually happens in a common classroom atmosphere, many time some students knows the answer but are not so fast than the other and that is why they never have the opportunity to give the answer to the group.
• The students have the space to develop social interaction, because before they give the answer have the chance to discuss the answer with a classmate, which guarantee the development of communicative skills in the students, furthermore all the students are involve in the structure, developing acceptance, peer support, linking to other students and linking of school.
Benefits to the teacher:
• Teachers also have more time to think on the questions and during this time they can observe student relations and listening to students responses.
• The environment in the class can be much more relaxing because the class is develop like a discussion in which all the students are involved, not as in a common class where the teacher talks all the time.
It’s important to highlight that both structures “Think-pair share” and “Numbered Heads together” develop positive interdependence and cooperative interaction among students which is very important in the education and formation of the children in order to they avoid egocentricity and have a good relationship inside and outside of the classroom.
Structure refers to the set of rules and procedures that establishes a teacher in the classroom in order to give the class in an orderly way and in a pleasant environment to learn.
ResponderBorrarIn a structure there may be variations in its application.
The activities are the practical exercises that the teacher performs to make a more dynamic class where all the students can participate in an active way.
Activities are usually done with a specific purpose depending on the context.
Competitive structure:It is given as follows: the teacher asks a question, several students raise their hands to give them the opportunity to respond, however the teacher chooses one or a few to respond and the remaining students are left with the answer or their point of view without being heard, then this does not allow the partial development of the students' abilities.
Cooperative structure: A very effective way to do this is to form working groups where all students will have the opportunity to express their opinions and contribute their best ideas and knowledge to develop an activity, in this structure the students will develop abilities such; to work in team, social interaction, interdependence and the ability to help others for educational purposes.
Think-pair share:In this structure the teacher will form groups, then he or she will ask a question and time to the students in pairs to discuss and analyze the answer, when they are ready they will share the answer with the rest of the group. Some benefits of this structure is that all students will have the opportunity to analyze the event and will lose the fear of participating in class giving them the opportunity to participate.
Numbered Heads Together: The teacher forms a work group of four students, assigns a number from one to four to each one of them, the teacher asks a question and will give time to meet to analyze the response, when they are ready the teacher will speak a number and the In the case that the student has signed, the student will answer the question, in this way everyone will contribute to give a correct and justified answer.
1. Differences between an activity and a structure
ResponderBorrar• Structures cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content, while activities always have a specific content-bound objective.
• Structures may be meaningfully used through the whole school year and with the different grade levels. In contrast, activities cannot.
2. Differences between Competitive and Cooperative Structure.
• In one hand, competitive structure fosters and creates a negative competition among the students for them to answer every time the teacher asks, and makes the shining star students to receive attention and be praised while the other students are feeling demotivated. On the other hand, cooperative structures encourages teamwork, and leads to a cooperative interaction among the team members.
• Cooperative structure provides students the opportunity to help each other in order to make their group win or answer correctly to what they are asked for their teachers. Instead of just giving the opportunity to the same two or three students to always respond to their teacher, making them compete with each other.
3. Think Pair-Share: is a “multi-mode strategy developed to encourage student participation in the classroom. (Frank Lyman)
Components of Think-Pair- Share
• LISTENING TIME: Students listen while the teacher poses a question.
• THINKING TIME: Students are given time in which to think of a response.
• PAIR DISCUSSION: Sometimes students are cued to pairs to discuss their responses.
• SHARING: Finally, students are invited to share their responses with the whole group.
Components of Numbered Heads Together
• ASKING: The teacher asks a question.
• CONSULTING: Students discuss and consult, making sure all students know the correct answer.
• SHARING: Finally, one student is called out to give the correct answer.
Benefits for Students
• Time to think, rehearse and share their responses to questions given by the teacher.
• Students get to interact with their peers and feel engaged when they contribute to a specific task.
• Students get to help each other and work as a team.
Benefits for Teachers
• It fosters students’ participation.
• Easy to use and learn.
• It gives time to the teacher for higher level questions.
1. structure follows scientific method and is a series of activities putted on practice.
ResponderBorrar2. the activity is a short-term objective.
3. the activity follows a short term objective
in my case cooperative learning has changed my dynamic of the class because students are programmed to work only by competitive tasks making students that really need help be shy against others. cooperative work give the low-graded students responsability all over the group thats why this structure pushes the low grade students to make it always better.
think-pair share: students define and discuss each other to a question or a comment of the teacher
numbered heads together: the teacher demands for an answer to the students so they have to think in groups about the question
a) Structure:
ResponderBorrar1. They are content-free.
2. They organize social interaction in the class.
3. They do a series of steps with specific behaviors.
4. They can be repeated and used almost with every level.
b) Activity:
1. They have specific objective.
2. They are always content-bound.
3. They cannot be used in a range or levels or contents.
c) Cooperative
Students are usually divided into small groups and encouraged to work together to maximize their own learning as well as that of each student in the group.
1. Children learn important cooperative social skills that they will need later in their working lives.
2. Students can actually learn better when they also help teach other students.
3. Children who might be left behind in a more competitive environment can be brought up to speed by their peers.
d) Competitive:
Is the more traditional form of learning. Student study alone and complete their own assignments while trying to learn the presented subject matter. The students often compete with each other for the best grades and for the teacher’s recognition.
1. Children face the real-world challenge of competition.
2. Students are encouraged to do their very best.
3. Independent thinking and effort are encouraged and rewarded.
4. Children can still work in teams, but compete against other teams: It can be a great way to “enliven the classroom environment.”
e) The think, pair, share strategy is a cooperative learning technique that encourages individual participation and is applicable across all grade levels and class sizes. Students think through questions using three distinct steps:
1. Think: Students think independently about the question that has been posed, forming ideas of their own.
2. Pair: Students are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts. This step allows students to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others.
3. Share: Student pairs share their ideas with a larger group, such as the whole class. Often, students are more comfortable presenting ideas to a group with the support of a partner. In addition, students' ideas have become more refined through this three-step process.
The benefits of using the think, pair, share strategy include the positive changes in students' self-esteemthat occur when they listen to one another and respect others' ideas.
1. Students have the opportunity to learn higher-level thinking skills from their peers, gain the extra time or prompting they may need, and gain confidence when reporting ideas to the whole class.
2. Also, the "pair" step of the strategy ensures that no student is left out of the discussion. Even a student who is uncomfortable discussing his or her ideas with the whole class still has an audience in this step.
3. Finally, while the strategy may appear to be time-consuming, it makes classroom discussions more productive, as students have already had an opportunity to think about their ideas before plunging into whole-class conversations.
4. The "share" step of the strategy, students can share their ideas in several ways.
f) Numbered Heads Together is a cooperative learning strategy that holds each student accountable for learning the material. Students are placed in groups and each person is given a number. The teacher poses a question and students "put their heads together" to figure out the answer. The teacher calls a specific number to respond as spokesperson for the group. By having students work together in a group, this strategy ensures that each member knows the answer to problems or questions asked by the teacher. Because no one knows which number will be called, all team members must be prepared.
1. Students with special needs often benefit when this strategy is used. After direct instruction of the material, the group supports each member and provides opportunities for practice, rehearsal, and discussion of content material.
2. Group learning methods encourage students to take greater responsibility for their own learning and to learn from one another
Astrid Agurcia: Mister, soory, my account doesn't work.
ResponderBorrar*Activities and structures differences:
-Activities have a specific content-bound objective so they cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content. However structures can be used repeatedly at a wide range of grade levels.
-When using structures the teacher will meaningfully include cooperative learning in all year. However with activities just work for a short period of time.
*Competitive and cooperative differences:
-Competitive it just engage one student, giving just the opportunity to one to receive the attention and as a result we have a poor social relation. Unlike cooperative all the classroom is engage.
-Cooperative the students discuss between them the possible answers and we have a good teamwork, creating a wider knowledge. In the other hand the students stands just with his/her point of view, creating a poor knowledge and poor memory to analyze.
—�-Think-pair share—�
-Listen: the students listen the teacher that poses a question.
-Think: the students will have to think on their possible answer
-Teamwork: students join in pairs and discuss their answer.
-Share: Students share with the whole class their answers.
Is a cooperative strategy that is used in order to join students to work together to solve a problem or answer a question.
—�Numbered head together—�
-Organized groups: the teacher organizes groups and gives a number to each member.
-Request: The teacher ask a question.
-Teamwork: The students discuss their answers in order to make sure all of them knows the answer.
-Random: The teacher calls a number that was given to each member, and the student with the number will have to answer the question.
Is cooperative strategy that makes students aware of the content.
—�Student’s benefits—�
-Students learn from each other by Sharing their ideas between others.
-They are able to analyze their own answers before sharing them.
-Teamwork is increase.
-Relationships between students become stronger, there is more acceptance among students, seeing that their ideas can agree.
—�-Teacher’s benefits—�
-They have time to think on more elaborated questions of the activity being perform.
-They have time to make a more detailed observation of the class.
-Class discussions can become a more relaxing experience for teachers.
In cooperative learning students créate a mutual understanding between them cooperative learning increase selve them, social skills and study skills. It teaches stuents empathyand builds social relationships moreoverworkin in a groups helps studentsto learn in the work that allow to unersatand others who is differ from them selves also students increases their higher levels thiking skills also cooperative learning participation is also increases a general term for teaching and learning strategies that engage and involve studenst in the learning process to achieve common goal together.
ResponderBorrarCooperative learnings when the goals with the students are achieved in order to develops many skills in different topics and students have to be able to answer many questions in group or individual they have top ay attention in the class.
Activity: its how we can present some topics using kind of methodology that can be fun to the students also using diferent kinds of activities and the students can be better.
Structure: is a method of procedure using some tecnics to develop in the class, i show the activity is going to develop in the class sometimes in a Dynamic way to present some topics to students.
Think pair share is a strategies to develop to encourage students participation in the classroom, studenst listen while the teachers posees a question.
The mean that stuensts have to pay attention in the class.
Students are giving time in witch to thinks of a response students in the posible answer according to the topic.
Finally students are invited to share their responsonses with the group students can share their opinión with their classmates.
I had to published it in another homework sorry mister .
ResponderBorrarFinally functioned!!!
ResponderBorrar*Activities and structures differences:
-Activities have a specific content-bound objective so they cannot be used to deliver a range of academic content. However structures can be used repeatedly at a wide range of grade levels.
-When using structures the teacher will meaningfully include cooperative learning in all year. However with activities just work for a short period of time.
*Competitive and cooperative differences:
-Competitive it just engage one student, giving just the opportunity to one to receive the attention and as a result we have a poor social relation. Unlike cooperative all the classroom is engage.
-Cooperative the students discuss between them the possible answers and we have a good teamwork, creating a wider knowledge. In the other hand the students stands just with his/her point of view, creating a poor knowledge and poor memory to analyze.
—�-Think-pair share—�
-Listen: the students listen the teacher that poses a question.
-Think: the students will have to think on their possible answer
-Teamwork: students join in pairs and discuss their answer.
-Share: Students share with the whole class their answers.
Is a cooperative strategy that is used in order to join students to work together to solve a problem or answer a question.
—�Numbered head together—�
-Organized groups: the teacher organizes groups and gives a number to each member.
-Request: The teacher ask a question.
-Teamwork: The students discuss their answers in order to make sure all of them knows the answer.
-Random: The teacher calls a number that was given to each member, and the student with the number will have to answer the question.
Is cooperative strategy that makes students aware of the content.
—�Student’s benefits—�
-Students learn from each other by Sharing their ideas between others.
-They are able to analyze their own answers before sharing them.
-Teamwork is increase.
-Relationships between students become stronger, there is more acceptance among students, seeing that their ideas can agree.
—�-Teacher’s benefits—�
-They have time to think on more elaborated questions of the activity being perform.
-They have time to make a more detailed observation of the class.
-Class discussions can become a more relaxing experience for teachers.
1) The difference between structure and activity is that
ResponderBorrarStructure purpose is that students work together to solve a critical way any problem amoung all the students where they can discuss about something to develop their knowledge.
Activity is something that make srudents get in group to make and activity where they don't explain knowledge about a topic because they will just work following some rules or steps.
2) Difference between competitive and cooperative
The big difference between then is because competitive creates abad relationship among students because not all the students in class have the same chance to give their answers or opinions.
On the other hand cooperative make students learn from others and create a healthy environment among the students and increase knowledge that they acquire from others.
3) Explain the steps of
Think-pair share
It consists basically that students listen to the teachers question and they work in pair to discuss the answers and them share them with their classmates.
-The benefits are that students have time to think the answer and also can listen the oppinion from the othets students.
Numbered head together
It consists that students of 3 or 4 students have a number and they get in group and everyone knows the answer and just one answer the teacher's question.
-The benefits are because the students get independent and learn to work in groups.